About Diabetes
Diabetes
is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal.
Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for
our bodies to use for energy.
The
pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone
called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our
bodies. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make
enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it
should. This causes sugar to build up in your
blood.
Diabetes
can cause serious health complications including
heart
disease, blindness, kidney
failure, and lower-extremity amputations.
Symptoms
People who
think they might have diabetes must visit a physician for
diagnosis. They might have SOME or NONE of the following
symptoms:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Extreme hunger
- Sudden vision changes
- Tingling or numbness in hands or
feet
- Feeling very tired much of the
time
- Very
dry skin
- Sores
that are slow to heal
- More
infections than usual.
Nausea,
vomiting, or
stomach pains may accompany
some of these symptoms in the abrupt onset of insulin-dependent
diabetes, now called type 1 diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1
diabetes, which was previously called insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes, may
account for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of
diabetes.
Type 2
diabetes, which was previously called non-insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes, may account
for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of
diabetes.
Causes
The causes
of type 1 diabetes appear to be much different than those for
type 2 diabetes, though the exact mechanisms for developing
both diseases are unknown.
The
appearance of type 1 diabetes is suspected to follow exposure
to an "environmental trigger," such as an unidentified virus,
stimulating an immune attack against the beta cells of the
pancreas (that produce insulin) in some genetically predisposed
people.
Treatment
Healthy
eating, physical activity, and insulin injections are the basic
therapies for type 1 diabetes. The amount of insulin taken must
be balanced with food intake and daily activities. Blood
glucose levels must be closely monitored through frequent blood
glucose testing.
Healthy
eating, physical activity, and blood glucose testing are the
basic therapies for type 2 diabetes. In addition, many people
with type 2 diabetes require oral medication, insulin, or both
to control their blood glucose levels.
People
with diabetes must take responsibility for their day-to-day
care, and keep blood glucose levels from going too low or too
high.
Natural
Remedies
Medical
reports dating back to 1853, as well as modern research,
indicate that chromium-rich brewer's yeast (9 grams per day)
can be useful in treating diabetes. In recent years, chromium
has been shown to improve glucose and related variables in
people with glucose intolerance and type 1, type 2,
gestational, and steroid-induced diabetes.
Improved
glucose tolerance with lower or similar levels of insulin have
been reported in more than ten trials of chromium
supplementation in people with varying degrees of glucose
intolerance. Chromium supplements improve glucose tolerance in
people with both type 2 and type 1 diabetes, apparently by
increasing sensitivity to insulin.
References for
Diabetes Symptoms Article
- Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Beneficial
effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and
blood lipids in elderly subjects.
Diabetes
1980;29:919-25
- Morcos M, Borcea V, Isermann B, et al.
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the progression of
endothelial cell damage and albuminuria in patients with
diabetes mellitus: an exploratory study.
Diabetes Res Clin
Pract 2001;52:175-83.
- Jamal GA, Carmichael H. The effect of
gamma-linolenic acid on human diabetic peripheral
neuropathy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Diabet
Med 1990;7:319-23.
- National Institutes of
Health
Health
Related Websites
The National Cancer
Institute
The National Eye
Institute
The National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute
National Institute on
Aging
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institute of
Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Institute on Drug
Abuse
National Institute of Mental
Health
National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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